Create a temporary file with a custom extension in PowerShell

Just a quick thing I wanted to record for posterity. The trick is using the -PassThru parameter with the Rename-Item cmdlet so that this ends up a one-liner thanks to PowerShell's pipeline:

$tempNuspec = Get-ChildItem ([IO.Path]::GetTempFileName()) | Rename-Item -NewName { [IO.Path]::ChangeExtension($_, ".nuspec") } -PassThru

Microsoft LifeCam Studio stops working with Windows 10

I have a Microsoft LiveCam Studio webcam that I bought a few years ago for the Adelaide .NET User Group for when we have remote presenters. It's been pretty good (although not long after I bought it, Scott Hanselman tweeted that actually the Logitech 930e was worth considering with possibly a wider shot).

I went to use it the other day, and it just plain refused to work. My laptop has a builtin webcam and that was showing up, but using any app (eg. Microsoft Teams or the Windows Camera app) just wasn't showing the LifeCam. It was strange as it did show up as an audio device, but not video.

I brought up Device Manager, and looked in the Cameras node, but it wasn't there. I tried unplugging it and re-plugging back in (and rebooting Windows) to no avail.

I then tried the webcam with a different PC, and it worked, so at least I knew the device wasn't faulty. Firing up Device Manager on the second PC revealed something interesting though. The LifeCam wasn't under Cameras, it was listed under Imaging devices. Who would have guessed!

Switching back to my laptop, in Device Manager, I went to the View menu and selected Show hidden devices. Looking under the Imaging devices revealed something unexpected. There were two device drivers listed for the LifeCam! I right-clicked on both devices and selected Uninstall device.

I then plugged the webcam back into the laptop, and now Windows registered that a new device was attached and indicated it was installing the device drivers. After a short wait, it was now working correctly!

Mystery solved 😁

Creating VSTS Service Hooks with PowerShell using the REST API

Service Hooks are Visual Studio Team Services way of integrating with other web applications by automatically sending them events when specific things happen in VSTS, like a build completes or code is committed.

These are what I used in my earlier post about integrating VSTS with TeamCity. If you just have one service hook to set up then using the web UI is fine, but if you find yourself doing something again and again then finding a way to automate it can be really useful.

Interacting with service hooks via VSTS REST API is documented here. Web Hooks are a particular service hook 'consumer' suitable for sending HTTP messages to any web endpoint.

I'm going to create a PowerShell script which requires the following parameters

Param(
   [string]$vstsAccount,
   [string]$projectName,
   [string]$repositoryName,
   [string]$token
)

Using the VSTS APIs requires authentication, so the first thing is to encode a Personal Access Token (PAT) so it can be set as a HTTP header. (You create PATs from the Web UI by clicking on your profile picture and selecting Security)

$base64AuthInfo = [Convert]::ToBase64String([Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes(("{0}:{1}" -f "",$token)))

There's a whole lot of VSTS events that you can choose as a trigger when creating a service hook. In this example, I'm interested in being notified when a Git pull request is created. In order to use this particular API, I need to also know the ids of the VSTS Project and Repository that I want this service hook associated with. I'll use API calls to find those out.

$uri = "https://$($vstsAccount).visualstudio.com/_apis/projects?api-version=5.0-preview.1"
$result = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Method Get -ContentType "application/json" -Headers @{Authorization=("Basic {0}" -f $base64AuthInfo)}

$projectId = $result.value | Where-Object { $_.name -eq $projectName } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty id

$uri = "https://$($vstsAccount).visualstudio.com/_apis/git/repositories?api-version=5.0-preview.1"
$result = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Method Get -ContentType "application/json" -Headers @{Authorization=("Basic {0}" -f $base64AuthInfo)}

$repositoryId = $result.value | Where-Object { $_.name -eq "$repositoryName" } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty id

As far as the REST API is concerned, we're creating a new 'subscription'. Create operations use a POST and usually also require JSON data to be sent in the body. We'll use PowerShell to model the data and then convert it back to a JSON string:

$body = @{
    "publisherId" = "tfs"
    "eventType" = "git.pullrequest.created"
    "resourceVersion" = "1.0"
    "consumerId" = "webHooks"
    "consumerActionId" = "httpRequest"
    "publisherInputs" = @{
        "projectId" = $projectId
        "repository" = $repositoryId
        "branch" = ""
        "pullrequestCreatedBy" = ""
        "pullrequestReviewersContains" = ""
    }
    "consumerInputs" = @{
        "url" = "https://servicetonotify"
        "basicAuthUsername" = ""
        "basicAuthPassword" = ""
        "resourceDetailsToSend" = "all"
        "messagesToSend" = "none"
        "detailedMessagesToSend" = "none"
    }
}

$bodyJson = $body | ConvertTo-Json

Obviously you will need to customise the url value to point to your particular web service that should be notified. If that service requires authentication, you can supply a username and password in the basicAuthUsername and basicAuthPassword values. You can also control what detailed information VSTS will send to by setting the three *ToSend values. In my case I only needed resourceDetailsToSend but not the other two.

$uri = "https://$($vstsAccount).visualstudio.com/_apis/hooks/subscriptions?api-version=5.0-preview.1"
Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Method Post -ContentType "application/json" -Headers @{Authorization=("Basic {0}" -f $base64AuthInfo)} -Body $bodyJson

Using the VSTS REST API is pretty straight forward, and gives you great access to query and modify your VSTS environment.

Boxstarter and Chocolatey tips

Two big things happened earlier this year on the Chocolatey front. First off, Boxstarter (the tool created by Matt Wrock that allows you to script up full Windows installations including handling reboots) is now being managed by Chocolatey. Boxstarter.org still exists, but the source repository is now under the Chocolatey org on Github.

The second is that Microsoft are contributing Boxstarter scripts in a new Github repo – https://github.com/Microsoft/windows-dev-box-setup-scripts

If you’re looking to use Boxstarter to automate the software installation of your Windows machines, there’s a few tricks and traps worth knowing about.

Avoid MAXPATH errors

It’s worth understanding that Boxstarter embeds its own copy of Chocolatey and uses that rather than choco.exe. Due to some compatibility issues Boxstarter currently needs to embed an older version of Chocolatey. That particular version does have one known bug where the temp directory Chocolatey uses to download binaries goes one directory deeper each install. Not a problem in isolation, but when you’re installing a lot of packages all at once, you soon hit the old Windows MAXPATH limit.
A workaround is described in the bug report – essentially using the --cache-location argument to override where downloads are saved. The trick here is that you need to use this on all choco calls in your Boxstarter script – even for things like choco pin. Forget those and you still may experience the MAXPATH problem.

To make it easier, I add the following lines to the top of my Boxstarter scripts

New-Item -Path "$env:userprofile\AppData\Local\ChocoCache" -ItemType directory -Force | Out-Null
$common = "--cacheLocation=`"$env:userprofile\AppData\Local\ChocoCache`""

And then I can just append $common to each choco statement. eg.

cinst nodejs $common
cinst visualstudiocode $common 
choco pin add -n=visualstudiocode $common

Avoid unexpected reboots

Detecting and handling reboots is one of the great things about Boxstarter. You can read more in the docs, but one thing to keep in mind is it isn’t perfect. If a reboot is initiated without Boxstarter being aware of it, then it can’t do its thing to restart and continue.

One command I’ve found that can cause this is using Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature. If the feature you’re turning on needs a restart, then Boxstarter won’t resume afterwards. The workaround here is to leverage Chocolatey’s support for the windowsfeatures source. So instead of this

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V-All

Do this

choco install Microsoft-Hyper-V-All -source windowsfeatures $common

Logging

If you have a more intricate Boxstarter script, you may run into some problems that you need to diagnose. Don’t look in the usual Chocolatey.log as you won’t see anything there. Boxstarter logs all output to its own log, which by default ends up in $env:LocalAppData\Boxstarter\Boxstarter.log. This becomes even more useful when you consider that Boxstarter may automatically restart your machine multiple times, so having a persistent record of what happened is invaluable.
The other things you might want to make use of is Boxstarter-specific commands like Write-BoxstarterMessage (which writes to the log file as well as the console output) and Log-BoxstarterMessage (which just write to the log file)

Find out more about these and other logging commands by running help about_boxstarter_logging.

My scripts

I keep a few of my Boxstarter scripts at https://gist.github.com/flcdrg/87802af4c92527eb8a30. Feel free to have a look and borrow them if they look useful.

Find out more

If you’re really getting in to Chocolatey and Boxstarter, you might also be interested in Chocolatey Fest, a conference focusing on Windows automation being held San Francisco on October 8th.

Not all SSDs are the same

(Or why I should stick with software, rather than hardware!)

I'd ordered some larger SSDs from MATS Systems this week to upgrade a couple of laptops that were running out of room. I'd scanned through the list and saw Samsung EVO 500GB. Yep, "add to cart" x 2.

Job done (or so I thought).

They arrived promptly yesterday, and near the end of the day I disassembled the first laptop to extract the existing smaller-capacity SSD so I could put it in the disk duplicator. I then ripped open the box of the newly purchased Samsung SSD and to my horror, it didn't look anything like the old one!

In fact it looked a lot like this:

"But David", you say, "that's an M.2 SSD!"

Well yes, yes it is, and that's exactly what it turns out I ordered - not realising that "M.2" doesn't just mean "fast" or "better" but it's an indication of the actual form factor.

I now understood that what I should have ordered was the 2.5" model - not the M.2 one.

So what was I going to do? First step, post to Twitter and see if I get any responses - and I did get some helpful advice from friends:

Unfortunately I'd ripped open the box so it wasn't in a great state to return. Instead I sourced one of these Simplecom converter enclosures to see if I could use it in the 2.5" laptop slot after all.

As Adam had mentioned on Twitter, one important thing was to identify what kind of key the SSD I had was using. You can tell that by looking at the edge connector. Here's the one I had:



This is apparently a "B+M" key connector (as it has the two slots). The specs for the Simplecom enclosure say it's suitable for either "B" or "B+M" so I was good there.

Unpacking the enclosure, there's a tiny screw one one side to undo, then you can pry open the cover.



With the cover off, four more screws to extract before you can access the mounting board



Now it's just a simple matter of sliding in the SSD and using the supplied screw to keep it in.



Then reassemble the enclosure and it's ready to test.

I tried it out in a spare laptop - pulling out the existing SSD and using the duplicator to image that onto the new SSD (and taking extra care to make sure I had them in the correct slots in the duplicator. It would be a disaster getting that wrong!)

Then pop the new SSD back in the laptop and see if it boots up.. Yay, it did!

The great news is MATS were able to arrange to swap over the other SSD (the one I hadn't opened yet) with a proper EVO 860 2.5" model. And I learned that if I had been more careful opening the box on the first one, that probably could have been swapped with just a small restocking fee too.

So after feeling like I'd really messed up, things ended up not too bad after all :-)

2018-2019 Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) award

I first received Microsoft's MVP award in October 2015. My most recent renewal just occurred on July 1st (aka the early hours of July 2nd here in Adelaide), which was a really nice way to start the week. My 4th consecutive year of being an MVP.

To quote the confirmation email, it was given "in recognition of your exceptional technical community leadership. We appreciate your outstanding contributions in the following technical communities during the past year: Visual Studio and Development Technologies"

For me, that's leading the Adelaide .NET User Group, occasional blogging here, speaking at user groups (and the odd conference) and open source contributions. I like to think that the things I do that have been recognised are things that I would be trying to do in any case.

It isn't something I take for granted. A number of MVPs I know didn't make the cut this year - and it's always a bit of a mystery why some continue and some don't.

I'm also aware that should my own (or Microsoft's) priorities change in the future, then it may no longer be for me. But for now, I really appreciate receiving the award and hope I can make the most of the opportunities it gives me.

Migrating Redmine issues to VSTS work items with the REST API

Redmine is an open-source project management/issue tracking system. I wanted to copy issues out of Redmine and import them into a Visual Studio Team Services project.

Extracting issues can be done by using the "CSV" link at the bottom of the Issues list for a project in Redmine. This CSV file doesn't contain absolutely everything for each issue (eg. attachments and custom data from any plugins). Another alternative would be to query the database directly, but that wasn't necessary for my scenario.

To migrate the data to VSTS you can use a simple PowerShell script, making use of the VSTS REST API.

You'll need to create a Personal Access Token. Be aware that all items will be created under the account linked to this token - there's no way that I'm aware of that you can set the "CreatedBy" field to point to another user.

Notice in the script how we handle different fields for different work items types (eg. Product Backlog Items use the 'Description' field, whereas Bugs use 'Repro Steps'), and for optional fields (eg. not all Redmine issues had the 'Assignee' field set).

The full set of fields (and which work item types they apply to) is documented here. If you have more fields in Redmine that can be mapped to ones in VSTS then go ahead and add them.